Until now the government still commemorates each dated May 20 as National Awakening Day. This date refers to the May 20, 1908, when the birth of the organization in a friendly gentleman Java with the Dutch colonizers named Boedhi Oetomo (BO). Many of BO is a member of Freemasonry and the Dutch accomplices. BO is also anti-nationalistic and tend willing to be the servant of the interests of colonialists. In addition to the Javanese, it is forbidden to be members of the BO.

National Awakening this nation should be BASED on the date of establishment of Syarikat Islam (SI) which has stood BO 3 years before standing. SI was founded on October 16, 1905 by Haji Samanhoedi and friends. "This is an Islamic organization the longest and oldest age of all mass organizations in Indonesia homeland," wrote KH. Firdaus AN.

In contrast to the BO which only fight for the people of Java and Madura, also only accept membership of the Javanese and Madurese, so that the managers had consisted only of the people of Java and Madura, SI is more nationalist character. SI membership is open to all people of Muslim-majority Indonesia. Therefore, the composition of the managers had consisted of various tribes such as: Haji Samanhoedi and HOS. Tjokroaminoto came from Central and East Java, Agus Salim and Abdul Moeis from West Sumatra, and AM. Sangaji of Maluku. SI has also aspire to Indonesian independence, something that was never mentioned by the BO. Thus, the National Awakening should be commemorated each dated October 16, not May 20.

Great war occurred in 1925-1930 between the people of Central Java Diponegoro leadership against infidel occupiers Netherlands. In the history books mentioned that Prince Diponegoro up arms in anger Dutch diserobot ancestral land. This is wrong.

Suryanegara Mansyur historian Ahmad explained that the Islamic faith a Diponegoro was the cause he prefers out of the palace and join the people leading the war against the infidel Dutch. One of the triggers for Dutch tax applies Blasting very miserable people. Diponegoro who saw continued oppressed people can not stand and immediately led the war against the infidel Dutch.

"In sculpture and painting, Prince Diponegoro, unsheathed the keris was shown with his right hand and his left hand holding the reins. This was not true. Diponegoro was not brandishing the keris, but holding the holy book the Koran to burn the spirit of jihad people, "said Mansyur Suryanegara again.

After the arrival of Islam and the position of NAD in the Unitary Republic of Indonesia, the other thing that also needs to be clarified is the Java War (1825-1830). In the text books of history mentioned that the wrath of Prince Diponegoro to the Netherlands because the Dutch have ancestral land grab. Again, this is not right. Prince Diponegoro willing to come out of the court environment, blending into the midst of his people, and generate resistance against invaders simply because of the faith of a Diponegoro anti against all injustice.

Political ideology is a collection of ideas, ideas and a comprehensive vision about the formation, distribution, management and use of power in society, especially the state. Referring to the idea of Indonesia's first president, Sukarno, at least there are three political ideologies that dominate Indonesian society, the Nationalists, Muslims and Marxists.

Nationalism comes from the word nation means a nation or group of people who become legal residents of a country. In the 18th century the word "nation" became more widespread after the Parliament means that the French Revolution called themselves the "Assemblée Nationale" which marks the transformation of political institutions, from the nature of which is reserved exclusively for the nobility to the egalitarian nature of the class in which all reached the right The same with the upper class in politics. Nationalist ideology is understood that creating and maintaining the sovereignty of a nation with the concept of realizing a common identity for a group of people.

Religious own has become the hallmark for Indonesia. Since the beginning of the historical development of the Indonesian people, Indonesian society has embraced polytheism. Polytheism literally comes from the Greek and theoi poly meaning many gods. Polytheism as a form of belief that recognizes the existence of more than one God is the explanation for the fondness many Indonesian people to this point to things that smelled of occult, mystical and supernatural. In the subsequent history of Islam to be the biggest religion embraced by the people of Indonesia. As a religion that has a holistic concept, the discussion of Indonesian society's view of life can not be separated from the ideology of Islam.

Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. According to the ideology of social change towards a classless society begins with the awareness and the struggle of the proletariat is always persecuted by the bourgeoisie. As a nation that before the era of independence has always kekualatan imperialist oppression of the Dutch capitalists, then Marxism became the inspiration for many young people in Indonesia's independence struggle.

Efforts to mengunifikasi Nationalist ideology, Islam and Marxism recorded in the writings of Sukarno in Indonesia Suluh Young in 1926 to rationalize that nationalism, Islam and Marxism have similar interests is against capitalism and Western imperialism. Previously, Tan Malaka spoke to Communism (as a manifestation of Marx's thought by Lenin) is not hostile to pan-Islamism, because of the common vision in the resistance against the capitalist. A Marxist speech was delivered at the Indonesia Fourth Congress of the Communist International (Comintern) on November 12, 1922.

May 1928 pledge youth-proof bulkhead insulation can put aside ideology in favor of a large agenda of the independence of Indonesia. Later in the post-political life of Indonesia's independence proclamation of the great ideologies manifested in political parties. In the 1955 elections some parties even have a significant voice of the Indonesian National Party (PNI) as a representation of the Nationalists, Masyumi and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) as a representation of Muslims, as well as the Indonesia Communist Party Marxists representation. 79 percent of the 38 million voters to Indonesia to channel these four parties with details of PNI 22.32%, 20.92% Masjumi, NU 18.41% and 16.36% of the PKI.

The tragedy of the murder of the Army General in Jakarta in 1965 in the aftermath of political upheaval, dragging the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) as the main tersanga. Friction (friction) and the national crisis was inevitable. Through mandate warrant 11 March (Instruction), Suharto made the dissolution of the PKI and community organizations (organizations) below. Not quite up to the grass roots level there occurred the massacre of PKI supporters as described by Hermawan Sulistyo in Palu book scythes in Sugar Cane Field. Many also are being held without trial or exiled to the island of Nusa Kambangan like Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Marxist ideology, Lenin and the Party are forbidden in Indonesia through the provision of MPRS 25/MPRS/1966 number. Although there are many studies with the use of Karl Marx's theory, but it is certain that political parties no longer based on Marxist ideology.

Under the coordination of the Armed Forces to counter the dominance of the PKI, established the Functional Groups (GOLKAR) of the functional organization not affiliated to the party. 1971 Election unexpected, GOLKAR great success and won with 62.79% of the total number of votes. Perhaps because the election hose too far or stagnant cadre that sound decreasing PNI get very far while Masyumi not be a participant. While NU's voice rose more than 2 million votes, although the percentage of fixed and got 58 seats.

The next elections to the new order canalization of political parties. Islamic voice directed to the United Development Party (PPP) while the Nationalist party-style gathering into the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI). Introduction of a single principle in the life of Pancasila state ideology is clear cut political diversity in Indonesia. Subversive law into a frightening specter of Islamic and nationalist circles as a political ideology of the movement emerged above the surface.

Election as a forum of evidence received or whether a political ideology in the form of the party since 1971 until 1997 are practically only superficial. Monoloyalitas regulation Civil Servants (PNS) GOLKAR governments which support is always a winner. But in an era of democratic reform when the faucet is opened, the emergence of various political parties in elections in 1999 with various ideological basis for this signifies the political ideology of Indonesia continues to grow and make a political guerilla.

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Ideology which contains the values used by the public as a guide for running a life together in order to achieve the expectations aspire together. The values which then form the ideology can be derived from customs and can also come from a religious doctrine, or a combination of both. The function of this ideology is a conceptual reference that gives coherence to the political action. Ideology plays a role in embedding relationship mindset and behavior. Political Ideology is an application of particular moral preceptions to collectivities.

Political ideology includes (1) behavior based on a value or norm which then affect the political actors in ekspesi ideological expression, (2) activities in the aspirations of influential on the attitudes and actions of political actors to influence the policies of state authorities and (3 ) to influence the people on religious values as the main orientation in every area of life.

In social science, political ideology is a set of ideas and principles that explain how society should work, and offers a summary of certain public order. Political ideology is usually about themselves with how to manage power and how it should be implemented. The theory of communist Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and their followers, often known as Marxism, regarded as the most influential political ideology and is described fully in the 20th century. Examples of other ideologies including: anarchism, capitalism, communism, communitarianism, conservatism, liberalism, Christian democracy, fascism, monarkisme, nationalism, Nazism, liberalism, libertarianism, socialism, and social democrats.

Does the originator of political ideology or ideological followers are aware of doing an action or movement / motion in both the dissemination of ideas to the political movement that took power in order to manage power in accordance with the ideology dianutnya. This is an ideology which later became the driving force or a movement known as a political movement. A political movement is a group or groups who want to make any changes in political institutions or to create a new public administration at all, by using political means. Destination fundamental political movements (basic) and ideological.

Referring to the idea of Indonesia's first president, Sukarno, at least there are three political ideologies that dominate Indonesian society, the Nationalists, Muslims and Marxists. So in the historical development of the Indonesian Nation movement, identity politics ideology was born and developed along with the birth and development of a modern organization for the struggle activator release belengguh Dutch colonization, so that the organization that was born of modern politics can not be separated with a political ideology that characterized his political identity. Syarekat birth of Islam (1911/1912) has shades of Muslim political identity brought Islamic ideology, the Communist Party of Indonesia / PKI (1920) explicitly brought Communism as an ideology born of ideology and nationalism developed after the establishment of the Indonesian Nationalist Party (PNI) in 1927.

When speaking on the level of the motivation and orientation of any political movement which despite its ideological differences, the "dhohiriyah" birth of a political organization in the twentieth century have the same desire that is fighting for a freedom, freedom from Dutch rule.

The existence of this same desire to encourage some components freedom fighters to unite the power of political ideology that developed at that time. Efforts to mengunifikasi Nationalist ideology, Islam and Marxism recorded in the writings of Sukarno in Indonesia Suluh Young in 1926 to rationalize that nationalism, Islam and Marxism have similar interests is against capitalism and Western imperialism. Previously, Tan Malaka spoke to Communism (as a manifestation of Marx's thought by Lenin) is not hostile to pan-Islamism, because of the common vision in the resistance against the capitalist. A Marxist speech was delivered at the Indonesia Fourth Congress of the Communist International (Comintern) on November 12, 1922.

Differences line ideology that became the basic principle of the struggle is not necessarily with a common mission of the struggle, Sukarno initiated unification or desired hand together Tan Malaka was realized. This is why the history in the end not "linear" and "congruent". History does not become a unified action and the motion because it shows the fact that the line of a different political ideology gave birth to the actions of a political nature were different. So that trace the history of recorded shows later trace the history of the "complex", "not linear", and "not independent".

If we generalize the history of Indonesia in the first half-century in the twentieth century, without considering the motion of a political ideology which becomes the motor pengerak the present struggle is now popular movement history Indonesia. But if we sort out the popular movement in Indonesia that the three ideologies become a political force the Indonesian people will be born in an objective history of the three schools (1). History of the Islamic Movement of Indonesia, (2). History of Communist Movement of Indonesia and (3). History of Indonesia's National Movement.

Apart from the analysis, interpretation, or opinion presepsi of Indonesian history in any time period during the twentieth century in particular, is a historical fact undeniable reality, will not be deleted, can not straight or dilurus-dibengkok-bekok because facts are facts. While the analysis, interpretation, or opinion presepsi built or based on facts merekontruksi history and birth history of the so-called writing history is the study, insight, and understanding of history that continue to experience renewal and reform in line with the development of the "science of history" which became a tool for explaining history.

Birth of the history of the schools that provide "accentuation" of historical writing in one of the political ideology that was born and grew up in Indonesia if the country is Islamic, Communists or the Nationalists is the wealth of Indonesian history. Only love Indonesia's biggest obstacle is the fragility of understanding of the importance of history as a part of growing community needs.

After all history is important. Inside was the foundation of existence, dignity, pride, criticism, and the reason for introspection. Jobs chronicler, if interpreted as an independent profession disandangkan on academic historian, can be changed on a more modest sense. Framework as a basis for strengthening civil authority in a democracy requires respect for the institution remains independent who was born from the womb of civil society has its own dynamics. So that any regime change, people will always want to write history with the self.

So let history speak ....

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Historical approach to explain in terms of where the study of history was about to be done, which dimension is concerned, the elements which express, and so forth. Description and reconstruction proceeds will be largely determined by the type of approach used.
Therefore, knowledge of history did not hesitate to cross and use a variety of fields or scientific disciplines to support study and research, which in the history of science has been recognized early on and referred to as Bantu Sciences History (sciences auxiliary to history).
1. Human Approach
The study of history is always meant the study of human history. Functions and tasks of historical research is to reconstruct the past history of mankind (the human past) as it is (as it was). It should be fully aware that how cermatnya an historical research, with the task of reconstruction of such a historian would still face a number of problems that are not easy.
By providing accentuation "human history" to remind that the research and historical reconstruction should be more perspective on the whole person concept. Human beings are mentally and physically. Spiritual manifestations in the form of the intellect, taste, and the will, which becomes the source of humanity's existence, but existence in reality is only real in the physical nature. The development of the human spirit became visible in the container of religion, culture, civilization, science, art and technology.
Humans are also social and beraspek individual, unique (particular) and general (general). Both are intact (integrity), unity (entity), and the whole (totality). Historical reconstruction should also complete and thorough.

2. Approach of Social Sciences

Through this approach the social sciences have made possible the science of history is more complete understanding of the meanings of historical events. Thomas C. Cochran, for example, has implemented the concept of social roles (social role) in conducting exploration and explanation of the various attitudes, motivation and the role of American public figures in the nineteenth century. The concept of social mobility (social mobility) has proved very useful in studying various aspects of past societies.

a. Sociological Approach

Approach to sociology in the science of history, according to Max Weber, is intended as an interpretive understanding of the effort in terms of explanation (explanatory) causal of social behaviors in history. So far the social behaviors are more attached to the subjective meaning of an individual (leader or leaders), and instead of mass behavior.

Approach to sociology in the science of history produces social history. Garapannya field is very broad and diverse. Most social history is closely related to socio-economic history. Marc Bloch's writings on the French Rural History, Sartono Kartodirdjo about the Peasants' Revolt of Banten. Social classes, especially the workers, the arable fields also for the social history in the UK. Similarly, the process of social transformation with the development of social division of labor and the increasingly complex social differentiation became highly variable, and the formation of a variety of social institutions are also not escaped the social sejarwan. Themes such as: poverty, perbanditan, violence, crime can be a social history material. On the other hand such as piety, chivalry, population growth, migration, urbanization, transportsasi, welfare, and others have a lot more study and research of interest to history (Kuntowijoyo, 1993: 42-43).

b. Anthropology Approach

Anthropological approach to express the values, status and lifestyles, belief systems and patterns of life, which underlies the behavior of historical figures (Sartono Kartodirdjo, 1992: 4).

Anthropology and history have essentially the same object of study, is the man and the various dimensions of life. Only difference is more limited history of self-study to the events of the past, anthropology was more focused on cultural elements. Both disciplines can be said almost overlap, so that a prominent anthropologist, Evans-Pritchard, stated that "the History of Anthropology". The same is also mentioned by Arnold J. Toynbee (1889-1975) who states that the task of a historian is not much different from an anthropologist, is through a comparative study to study the life cycle of the community, then from each culture and civilization were drawn nature of the universal (general).

Facts that were examined from both disciplines, anthropology and history, is the same. There are three types of facts, is: artifacts, socifact, and mentifact. Facts refer to events or historical events. As a construct, a fact of history is basically as a result of a restructuring of a historical event. So artifacts as physical object is concrete and is the result artificial. As the artifacts pointed to the results of manufacturing processes that have occurred in the past. Analogous with that then socifact refers to the social events that crystallize in institutions, agencies, organizations and others. Mentifact was appointed to the product of human ideas and thoughts. All three, artifacts, socifact, and mentifact, is the product of the past or history, and can only be understood by both, anthropology and history, by tracking the process of development through history. This study clearly shows convergence and the convergence point of anthropological approaches and historical approaches.

Methodological approach is to expand the reach of anthropological study that includes history (Sartono Kartodirdjo, 1992: 156):
1). a comprehensive community life by covering the various dimensions of life as the totality of history;
2). aspects of life (economic, social, political) to include the values that underlie aspects of these lives;
3). social groups and that is one subkulturnya group identity;
4). history of art in various aspects and dimensions, and track their social cultural ties;
5). history of cultural elements: literature, senitari, fine art, architecture, etc.;
6). various lifestyles, among others: type of food, fashion, games, entertainment, work ethic, and so forth.

In short all areas of human activity can be covered in cultural history. In the political dimension of cultural history is not included in it, although according to the broad definition of political life were included in the culture.

c. Political Science Approach

Political terms can vary according to the point where looking at him. But in general the political definition regarding activities related to state and government. The focus of attention of political science, therefore, is more focused on the symptoms and the influence of society such as power, interests and political parties, decisions and policies, conflict and konsesnsus, recruitment and leadership behavior, and the voters, political culture, political socialization, and the voters , and so forth. If politics is defined as a Polity (policy), the political definition is more associated with power distribution patterns. It is also clear that the pattern of power sharing will be influenced by factors such as social, economic, and cultural. Social position, economic status, and the authority of someone's leadership can provide an opportunity to gain power.

Authority leadership has always been a key factor in the political process. Max Weber distinguishes three types of authority: (1) charismatic authority, which is based on personal influence and authority; (2) a traditional authority, namely on the basis of inheritance; and (3) rational-legal authority, which is based on the position and its ability.

Political originally formed the backbone of history. Politics is the backbone of history. This statement shows a political role in the writing of history in the past. . At present the political history seems still prominent, but not like the first sedominan. So the expression was shifted to "History is past politics, politics is present history." History is past politics, politics is the history of the present.

Political approach in the writing of history to produce a political history. Political history can use a variety of approaches in accordance with the selected topic. At least 8 (eight) kinds of approaches, although the approach to each other, overlap each other often tidih (Kuntowijoyo, 1993: 177-182). Is:

1). Intellectual history.

Basic aspirations of intellectual history is the Zeitgeist (mental age) and an idealistic view of history which argued that thoughts influence behavior. Examples of writing Herbert Feith and Lance Castle titled: Indonesian Political Thought, 1945-1965. (Jakarta: LP3ES, 1988).

2). Constitutional history.
From the constitution of a nation can be known philosophy of life, the rationale of time to build the nation, and government structures built. The constitution is also seen interest, consensus, and the concessions given to their respective interests. An example is Herbert Feith book. (1962). The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia (Ithaca: Cornell University Press).

3). Institutional history.
The contents of the political system with a device (institutions, structures, institutions), both countries (the cabinet, the bureaucracy, parliament, military) and non-State (organizations, orsospol, NGOs). Most written about the party. Example: Ahmad Syafii Maarif. (1988). Islam and Politics in Indonesia Guided Democracy. (Yogyakarta: IAIN Sunan Kalijaga Press).

4). Behavioral history.
Is about the behavior (behavior) of state and political parties in the dissemination of ideas, recruiting leaders / members, and the implementation of political measures included in the history of behavior. Example: Clifford Geertz's writings. (1960). The Religion of Java. (Glencoe: The Free Press).

5). Comparative history.
The contents of a comparative study of political life in Indonesia. Example: writing R. William Liddle. (1972). Culture and Politics in Indonesia. (Ithaca: NY Cornell University Press).

6). Social History:
Contains the history of social groups (scholars, students, businessmen, farmers, students, and youth) with his political aspirations with the interests sesuiai. For example: Heru Cahyono. (1992). Role of Ulama in Golkar. (Jakarta: Sinar Harapan).

7). Case Studies.
Is the study of political cases. Example: Social Political Science Laboratories UI. (1997). Evaluation of the New Order elections. (Bandung: Mizan).

8). Biographical.
About political biography. Example: J.D. Legge. (1972). Sukarno: A Political Biography. (London: The Penguin Press.

3. Approach Psychology and Psychoanalysis

Using psychological approach and psychoanalytic study of history not only just able to reveal symptoms in the surface, but able to penetrate further into the spiritual life, so it can better understand human behavior and society in the past.

The first breakthrough of the most famous in applying psychology in the (depth psychology) to study the history of science conducted by Erik H. Erikson. It turned out that the concepts of identity crisis in adolescence can be used to conduct mengeksplanasi historical figures prominent. About why Martin Luther appeared as a reformer, Mahatma Gandhi became a leader of anti-violence movement (non-violence) in India, and Adolf Hitler as a tanmpil anti-Semitic, and anti-Sukarno as colonialism and imperialism, can be traced back through the analysis of life - these figures in their adolescence. Thus the history of psycho approach pioneered by Erik H Erikson has opened a new dimension in the study of history.

Psycho history approach can also be developed into the concept of social psychology (sociopsychological) to explain the behavior of a group of community members. Of course, the problem becomes increasingly complex. Richard Hostadter, for example, in the work of writing The Age of Reform (1955) attempts to explain the rise of social movements in the nineteenth and twentieth century in America. The decline in status and prestige of middle-class society in America in the twentieth century transition to encourage the appearance of the leaders of the progressive movement. They move and to fight against the newly rich industrialists and their bosses who tend to be corrupt (Allan J. Lichtman, 1978: 138).

4. Quantitative Approach
Quantitative approach is to attempt to describe natural phenomena and social with the numbers. Quantum, quantitas is Latin for number. Hence using the numbers, then the quantitative approaches require a measurement (measurement) of the levels of certain features of the observed phenomenon. Quantitative observations are working to find these characteristic, to then be measured based on the measurement criteria that have been determined. The results of measurements of the numbers that describe the quantity or quality of the degree of reality and existence of natural phenomena diukurnya. The data rate measurements of natural phenomena observed was later analyzed, the degree sought quantity, or quality, studied the relationship between the symptoms with one another, examined the impact of a phenomenon, the relationship as a result, in short, analyzed according to penelti purposes.

Quantitative approaches in research and writing of history to produce what is called the history of quantitative (quantitative history). Quantitative history first known in France around the year 1930, which began developing in 1949 and the 1950s. Study Crane Brinton (1930) on party membership Jacobins in the French revolution, Donald Greer's analysis (1935) about the victims of the Reign of Terror are essentially attempts to quantify social historiography (Harry Ritter, 1986: 351-0352).

By the 1960s, quantitative history began seeping into the United States by first taking the form of econometric history (econometric history) that was pioneered by historian Lee Benson (1957, 1961) that writing is inspired and based on applying the statistical orientation of the theory of behaviorism-dsalam social sciences-political. Several studies began to expand the use of statistical analysis, not only in ekonomu histories, political and social, but also in sejarash-cultural and intellectual history by using methods such as content analysis. Since then the works of history began decorated with graphic images, charts, tables, percentages, sometimes even entering computing Kai-squared statistic and regression.

History to the present method is more likely to use a qualitative approach. Qualitative approach should be recognized contains many weaknesses. These weaknesses are rooted in the absence of clear criteria in the preparation of instrumentation used to measure the correctness of the data and facts, and the absence of general rules, much less specific, the methods and techniques to analyze relationships between historical events, so as such in relation menganlisis , more determined by intuition and imagination reliable and truthful researchers who can not be tested empirically secarsa. Generalization history never rely on the relationship between infeerensi large population sample.

The use of quantitative approaches in the history of the method can minimize these weaknesses on the one hand, and can increase the weight in the analysis of scientific events on the other hand sejsarah. Reasoning based on order-fikir and statistical procedures at least be able to control (control) analysis and interpretation based on personal opinions. Furthermore, he thought and governance procedures in the method of historical statistics can help streamline the methodology of history in scientific tasks, is to provide an explanation (explanation), forecasting (prediction), and control (control) of symptoms or historical events. In making generalizations, therefore, historians must be more careful and in analyzing the complex causal relationships and the complex of events would no longer be properly resolved without the help of a quantitative approach. Short said the use of a quantitative approach can sharpen insights historical method.
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