Sarawak-the largest state of Malaysia-is better known as the land of fabled White Rajahs, the hornbill and the orangutan. Located on the northwestern shore of the island of Borneo, Sarawak is a preferred tourist destination for those seeking culture, nature and adventure tourism. The rainforests of Sarawak are home to the richest and most diverse ecosystem of the world. The rich flora and fauna include the world's largest flower Rafflesia, squirrels and snakes that fly, plants that eat insects and various other species of plants and insects that are yet to be discovered.


History
Due to its location along the ancient trade routes of the China Sea, Sarawak was a center for trade for merchants from China, India and Arabia. Chinese coins and Han pottery found at the mouth of the Sarawak River show that Chinese traders had been on Sarawak from as early as the 7th century. Besides trade, immigrants came to Sarawak to take advantage of its abundant natural resources, which included gold, antimony, timber, and the famous Sarawak black and white pepper.

Sarawak later fell under the control of Sumatra's powerful Srivijayan Empire, which reached its height in the 11th and 12th centuries. Many Sumatran Malays settled in Borneo during this time. About a century later, Srivijaya Empire crumbled under the attacks of the Hindu-Javanese kingdom of Majapahit, and this period left a considerable number of Indian remains in Sarawak. The Majapahit Empire fell in the early 15th century, just as Islam, which was introduced by Muslim traders, was gaining a foothold in the coastal areas of Borneo. Sarawak then came under the control of the Malay Sultanate of Brunei

In 1839, when Sarawak was rebelling against the Brunei Sultanate, an English adventurer named James Brooke arrived and volunteered to quell the revolt. Brooke was successful, and as a reward the Pengiran Mahkota of Brunei made Brooke the Rajah of Sarawak in 1841. James was succeeded by his nephew Charles Brooke in 1868, who in turn was succeeded by his eldest son Charles Vyner in 1917.

During the Second World War Sarawak was occupied by Japanese forces, but it was subsequently ceded to Britain after the war and became a British Crown Colony. Sarawak joined Malaysia in 1963 and today observes a democratic system of government.


Climate
Sarawak has equatorial climate. It is hot and humid throughout the year with average daily temperature ranging from 23°C during the early hours of the morning to 32°C during the day. It experiences two monsoons. The North East Monsoon, which usually occurs between November to February, brings with it heavy rainfall. The South West Monsoon from June to October is usually milder. Despite our monsoon seasons, the climate in Sarawak remains fairly stable throughout the year. Annual rainfall varies between 3300 mm to 4600 mm for the greater part of the country.

Best Time to Visit
The best time of year for visiting Sarawak is from March to August and October - November.

Tourist Attractions / Places to See

Sarawak Museum: Located in Jalan Tun Abang Haji Openg, Sarawak Museum is one of Asia's finest museums. It houses a collection of Bornean ethnological and archaeological items and an exhibition featuring a reconstruction of the great Niah Caves, with remains of the Neolithic people who lived in the Caves

The Sunday Open Market: The Sunday Open Market exhibits a vast variety of handicraft items that include woodcarvings, beadwork, bamboo and rattan products, woven clothes, hats, baskets, sleeping mats and pottery.

Kuching Skrang River Safari: The river safari is a four-hour journey along the Skrang River and will take you to the Iban longhouses. The safari is a thrilling affair as it occasionally shoots the rapids.

Pepper Plantations: Sarawak is Malaysia's largest exporter of pepper. Pepper plantations can be seen along the Kuching-Serian Road.

The Sarawak Cultural Village and Heritage Center: A living museum located at Santubong, the Sarawak Cultural Village conserves and portrays the multi-faceted cultures and customs of ethnic groups such as the Ibans, Bidayuhs, and Melanaus. The Heritage Center is an integral part of the cultural village, which offers traditional arts of Sarawakians.

Santubong Fishing Village: Santubong is an attractive beach resort. Hindu and Buddhist archaeological remains have also been found here.

National Parks: Sarawak is also home to a number of National Parks. Some of the famous National Parks are Bako National Park, Batang Ai National Park, Gunung Gading National Park, Gunung Mulu National Park, Lambir Hills National Park, Similajau National Park, and Tanjung Datu National Park

Caves of Sarawak: Sarawak's massive limestone outcroppings are honeycombed with caves, carved over millions of years by the run off from tropical downpours. While most of the caves are for serious and well-equipped cavers only, sections of the more accessible passages have been equipped with lights and marked paths for tourists. They are: Clearwater and Wind Cave, Deer Cave and Lang's Cave, Wind Cave & Fairy Cave.


Shopping
Sarawak is a wonderful place for buying antiques and handicrafts. In Kuching, the Main Bazaar, once the main shopping area fronting the port, has been preserved as a colorful reminder of the city's trading past. Now it houses dozens of arts and crafts, curio and antique shops as well as travel agents offering up-country adventures. Similar shops in Sibu, Miri and Kapit also sell native handicrafts and antiques.
Some of the popular buys include Iban umbu (hand-woven textiles) that make attractive wall hangings or table covers and Malay kain songket, which is a popular fabric intricately woven with threads of gold and silver.


How to Reach Sarawak
The capital of Sarawak is Kuching. Kuching International Airport has direct flights to Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Bandar Seri Begawan and Perth in Western Australia and to Hong Kong via Kota Kinabalu.

There are also direct flights from Kuala Lumpur to Miri and Sibu, from Johor Bahru to Kuching, and from Kota Kinabalu and Labuan to Kuching and Bintulu.

Sarawak is also well connected by road to all the major towns of Malaysia and buses are available for Sarawak from all the major cities.

Sabah is a tropical paradise located at the northeast corner of Borneo. In ancient times it was known as the "Land Below the Wind" because it lies below the typhoon belt. Sabah attracts visitors with its scenic beauty, rugged landscape and cultural diversity.

Sabah offers many attractions to tourists-Rainforests, mountains, unspoilt marine life, water sports, and unique flora and fauna. Sabah is also home to the world's biggest flower, Rafflesia.

History
Sabah was earlier under various chieftains. Evidences indicate that Sabah had trading relations with Chinese, Portuguese, and Spanish. During the 15th century, Sabah was a vassal of the Sultan of Brunei. In 1704, the Sultan of Brunei ceded the land east of Murudu Bay to the Sultan of Sulu. In the early 1880's, Moses, an American trader, obtained a lease over Sabah from Brunei. The lease eventually passed to Alfred Dent, an Englishman. In 1881, he signed a treaty with Brunei and Sulu, converting the lease into a cession.

Thus the British North Borneo (earlier name Sabah) was born. It was administered by the Chartered Company of British North Borneo until the Japanese occupation. When the Japanese surrender, Sabah was put under the British Military Administration. In 1946, the Company surrendered its rights to the British Government and Sabah became a British Crown Colony. In 1963, it gained independence and joined Malaysia. In 1963, it gained independence and joined Malaysia.

Climate
Sabah has an equatorial climate. Temperature varies from 21°C to 32°C in the lowlands, while in the hilly regions temperature varies from 13°C to 23°C. Average annual rainfall is 2000 mm.

Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Sabah is between May and September when the weather is comparatively dry. It is also the best time to see the turtles, which make nightly landings at various locations to lay their eggs. November to January is the rainy season and it is better to avoid going to Sabah at this time of year.

Tourist Attraction/Places to See

Sabah State Mosque, Kota Kinabalu: This resplendent structure has majestic domes and gold inlay motifs. It presents a spectacular sight.

Sabah Foundation Building, Kota Kinabalu: The building is an architectural and engineering marvel. This 30-storey circular glass building is supported by high tensile steel rods emanating from a central building. It is one of only four such buildings in the world.

Kota Belud: Kota Belud is a small town located 77 km from Kota Kinabalu. Every Sunday the place comes alive when the "Tamu," or open market, takes place.

Tuaran: Tuaran is the region's agricultural station. Some of the places located nearby and worth visiting are Mengkabong-a Bajau village built over water, and Tamparuli-a town specializing in the production of local handicrafts.

Penampang: Penampang is home to the Kadazan people and offers an insight into Sabah's varied ethnic groups. The village is located 13 km south of Kota Kinabalu.

Perlis is the smallest state in Malaysia. The state is famous for its serene unspoilt beauty, rustic rural scenes and verdant paddy fields. The expanse of verdant paddy fields makes the landscape appear like a huge canvas of brilliant green or gold, depending on the season.


History
Perlis was originally a part of the older kingdom of Kedah, which was conquered by Thailand in 1821. After restoration of the Sultan of Kedah to his throne in 1842, the Thais established Perlis as a vassal state.

In 1909 the Thais transferred suzerainty of Perlis from Thailand to Britain. Perlis came under Japanese occupation in 1941 during Second World War. Once the Japanese withdrew from Malaya, Perlis was placed under the British Military Administration.

In October 1945, the British laid out the plans for Malayan Union. Under the scheme, Pulau Pinang, Melaka and nine other Malay states were to be united under the Malayan Union. Malays opposition to the British plans to form the Malayan Union catalysed the movement for Independence. The Malay Federation was founded on 1 February 1948 and on 31 August 1957, Malaya achieved Independence.

Climate
Perlis has a tropical monsoon climate and the temperature is uniform in the range of 21 degrees C to 32 degrees C, while the weather is generally dry and warm with humidity in the lowlands ranging from 82% to 86%. The state's average annual rainfall is around 2500 mm with the wettest months being from May to December.

Best Time to Visit
Though you can visit Perlis all round the year, but it is better to avoid visiting Perlis during the wettest months i.e. from May to December.


Tourist Attractions/Places to See

Gua Kelam (Dark Caves): Located about 26 km from Kangar, the Gua Kelam traverse approximately 37 meters of limestone hills from Kaki Bukit on the Malaysian border to Wang Kelian near the Thai border. The caves were at one time used as a trading route between the locals and the Siamese.


Padang Besar: Padang Besar, is a border market on the Malaysia-Thailand border. It is a shopper's haunt for Malaysians seeking good bargains. Electrical items, leather goods and clothes are some of the favorite buys here.


Kuala Perlis: Located at the estuarine delta of the Sungai Perlis, Kuala Perlis is noted for its excellent laksa, a dish of rice noodles dipped in spiced fish-soup with sliced onions and cucumber. It is also the entry and exit point to Phuket Island and other coastal towns and villages of Southern Thailand, as well as to Pulau Langkawi.


Arau: Arau is a royal town, located 10 km south of Kangar, is home to the Istana Di-Raja (Royal Palace) and the Masjid Negeri (State Mosque).


Tasik Melati: Tasik Melati is a small but picturesque lake located in a lowland area about 8 km north of Kangar. More than 150 sandbar-islands may be seen all over the lake. Sampans can be rowed to these tiny islands. Elevated walkways extend out over the waters, providing hypnotic prospects out across the lake.


Gunung Medan: Gunung Medan, situated 6 km south of Kangar, is a scenic 300-feet-high limestone outcrop. It is accessible by car on a winding road or on foot by stairways and walkways climbing up to the peak.


Snake Farm: The Snake Farm is primarily used as a research facility to test and develop serums for the treatment of venomous snake bites. A large collection of snakes can be viewed here.


Shopping
Padang Besar and Bukit Kayu Hitam, the border towns are famous for their economical bargains. Padang Besar is a good market for leather goods, garments and household items. These are cheaply manufactured in Thailand and sold in town. Bukit Kayu Hitam is known for its duty-free shopping complex.

How to Reach Perlis
By Air: Perlis has no airport of its own. The nearest airport is Alor Setar airport in Kedah. From there cab takes about 45 minutes to Kangar.

By Road: Buses to Perlis are available from all the major towns of Malaysia.

Penang, literally meaning Island of Betel Nut, is famous for its natural scenic beauty. Also known as the 'Pearl of Orient', Penang entices visitors with its warm seas, golden beaches, lush greenery and delicious cuisine.

History
Penang was established by Francis Light in 1786 as the first British trading post in the Far East. Light persuaded the Sultan of Kedah to cede Pulau Pinang ("Island of the Betel Nut") to the British in exchange for military assistance.

The island was originally named Prince of Wales Island and the settlement that soon grew up was named Georgetown after King George III. In 1800, the Sultan of Kedah further ceded a strip of land on the mainland across the channel, which Light named Province Wellesley, after the then Governor of India.

In 1832, Penang formed part of the Straits Settlement with Malacca and Singapore. It flourished and grew to be a major trading post for a lucrative trade in tea, spices, china and cloth.

Penang remained under the British Colonial rule until 1957, when it gained independence under the Federation of Malaya. It was briefly occupied by the Japanese from 1941 to 1945. In 1963, Penang became part of Malaysia when Sabah and Sarawak came into the group.

Climate
Penang has an equatorial climate with uniform temperature throughout the year. Humidity is high and total annual rainfall is around 250 cm. August to November are the wettest months.

Best Time to Visit
Since August to November are the wettest months, it is better to avoid Penang during this time of the year. The period between December and February is pretty dry and is an ideal time to visit Penang.

Tourist Attractions / Places to See


Georgetown City: Georgetown, the capital of Penang, is a beautiful city that blends the old and the new. It has its own Chinatown and Little India. The architecture of the city manifests its cultural diversity and is an amalgam of British, Thai, Burmese, and Chinese architecture.

Clock tower: Erected in 1897, this tower marks the historic center of Georgetown, and was erected, to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria.

Fort Cornwallis: The fort was built on the site where Sir Francis Light first landed on the island in 1786. It is a rectangular concrete structure with several cannons protruding from its ramparts. Within the fort there is an open-air amphitheatre, a handicraft and souvenir center, and a bunker.

Komtar Tower: This 65-storey complex, known as Kompleks Tun Abdul Razak houses departmental stores, commercial offices, shops and restaurants, theatres, and squash courts. The tower located in the central district of Georgetown offers a panoramic view of the island.

Wat Chayamangkalaram Temple: The Buddhist temple with Thai architectural style features a fabulous gold-plated reclining Buddha, the third largest in the world and the niches behind the statue house urns containing the ashes of devotees.

Kek Lok Si: It is the largest Buddhist temple complex in Southeast Asia. The temple presents a blend of Chinese, Thai, and Burmese architecture. Kek Lok Si features a seven-tiered pagoda of Ban Po Thar dedicated to the Boddhisattva Tsi Tsuang Wang.

Snake Temple: It is the only temple of its kind in the world. One can see multitude of pit vipers coiled around objects on the altar here. They are believed to be harmless.

Sri Mariamman Temple: The Hindu temple has fabulous sculptures of gods and goddesses over its entrance and on its façade and highly ornate interior with a priceless statue of Lord Subramaniam embellished with gold, silver, diamonds and emeralds.

Penang Hill: Penang has many hill stations such as the Western Hill, Tiger Hill and Strawberry Hill that offer breathtaking panoramic views of Georgetown. The dusk view from Flagstaff Hill is an unforgettable experience. A vigorous walk along the delightful trails and a funicular ride on the train are other interesting things to do here.

Khoo Kongsi: The Chinese immigration to Penang gave rise to the formation of clan formations or kongsi and each of them constructed a hall to serve as the locus of its community. The Khoo Kongsi is the most famous example of these magnificent halls and was said to rival the palace of China's emperor. However, the original Khoo Kongsi burnt to the ground almost as soon as it was completed and the present structure is only a scaled down version of that original. The intricate carvings and richly ornamented beams made of the finest wood are the highlights of the hall.

Penang Bridge: The bridge is known to be the longest in Asia and third longest in the world. It connects Penang Island with the Peninsular mainland.

Beaches of Penang: Penang is known for its wonderful beaches. Some of the most popular beaches in Penang are Tanjung Bunga, Batu Ferringhi, and Teluk Bahang.


Shopping
Shopping in Penang is great fun. There are number of shopping avenues from modern air-conditioned complexes to quaint old shops where you can get rare antiques and collectibles. Colourful open-air bazaars, and the night markets or pasar malam are a must visit at Penang.

The main shopping areas are concentrated in Julan Penang, Lebuh Campbell, Lebuh Kapitan Kling, Lebuh Chulia, and Lebuh Panti.

Penang is an antique lover's paradise. Here, one can find a myriad collection of goods ranging from exotic curios, jewellery, souvenirs, clothing, fabric like batik, pewters, vases, ashtrays, baskets, mats, and other handicrafts to the latest electronic gadgets.

How to Reach Penang
By Air: Penang is easily accessible by air with daily flights from major capitals of the region. It is directly connected with Singapore, Bangkok, Hadyai, Phuket, Maden, Xiamen, and Chennai, operated by Malaysian Airlines. The Bayan Lepas International Airport is located about 20 km from the city center.

By Road: The opening of the Penang Bridge linking Penang Island to the Peninsular mainland has facilitated driving to Penang.

By Rail: You can take a train from Butter worth to Kuala Lumpur and from Butter worth you can take a ferry to Penang.

Malacca is a quiet seaside city located on the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia facing the Straits of Malacca, about 147 km from Kuala Lumpur. Malacca is a wonderful repository of its cultural heritage. Its colonial past is evident in its Portuguese architecture, where as on the streets, Chinese influence is most visible. Most of the businessmen here are Chinese. Over the centuries, the Chinese and local Malay cultures in Malacca intertwined, eventually producing a completely unique society-a mosaic of different cultures.


History
Malacca rose from a humble fishing village to become a major center of the spice trade forming a vital link between the East and the West. The city was founded in 1400 AD by a fleeing Sumatra Prince, Parameswara. As Malacca was situated at strategically important place- midway along the straits that linked China to India and the Near East-it was perfectly positioned as a center for maritime trade. The city grew rapidly, and within fifty years it became a hub of international commerce, with a population of over 50,000. During this time Islam was introduced in the Malay Peninsula, arriving along with Gujarati traders in Western India.

When the European powers began their colonial quest, Malacca was one of the first cities that caught their attention. The Portuguese under the command of Alfonso de Albuquerque arrived first, taking the city after a sustained bombardment in 1511. The Portuguese were determined to control the East-West trade; so Malacca still retained its importance as a trade center until 1641 when the Portuguese surrendered Malacca to the Dutch. The Dutch who had a stronger foothold over the Indonesia archipelago swung the trade center over to Sumatra. In the meantime, Malacca's trade also declined due to the silting of its port. In 1795, Malacca was given to the British to prevent it form falling in the hands of the French, where the Netherlands was captured during the French Revolution. By the time British took over in 1824, the focus of the trade had shifted from Malacca to Singapore and Penang. Malacca however became the focal point again during the struggle for independence after the Japanese Occupation during the Second World War and the British Colonial period that followed. So when Malaya gained its independence in 1957 it was only fitting that the Declaration of Independence was proclaimed in Malacca, where it all began. In 1989, Malacca was declared as Malaysia's history city.

Climate
Malaysia has a tropical climate. The temperatures are more or less same throughout the year, in the vicinity of 26-27°C. The total rainfall is around 213 cm per year. Humidity is high throughout the year.


Best Time to Visit
The months of January and February have comparatively less rainfall than other months and hence it is the best time to visit Malacca.


Tourist Attractions / Places to See

Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum: The Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum is the ancestral home of three generations of a Straits-born Chinese Baba family. The building is now converted into a stunning museum that preserves the unique legacy of the Babas. The Babas combine Chinese and Malay culture, a result of marriages between early Chinese settlers and local Malay women. Over the years, a distinct culture called the Baba Nyonya or Peranakan culture emerged.

Padang Pahlwan, Bandar Hilir: A sound and light show is held at Padang Pahlwan, Bandar Hilir, which brings alive the 600 years of history of Malacca.

The Stadthuys: Built in 1650 as the official residence of Dutch Governors and their officers, the edifice is a fine example of Dutch architecture. Preserved in its original structure and form, it now houses the Historic Museum and Ethnography Museum.

The Malacca Zoo: The open-habitat zoo sprawls over 22 hectares and has been rated as one of the best in Malaysia. It is home to the rare and endangered Sumatran Rhinoceros as well as many other animals indigenous to Southeast Asia.

Mini Malaysia: A stupendous theme complex to enable visitors to view the traditional houses of the 13 states in Malaysia on a single visit. The complex displays life-size authentic houses of Malaysia crafted by master builders.

Mini ASEAN: A unique theme park conceived as a summary of the prominent cultural elements of the countries that make up ASEAN (Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines and Brunei).

Butterfly Farm: One of the world's most comprehensive butterfly and insect farms, with well over two hundred local species, including the rare Raja Brooke and Birdwing butterflies. The farm also possesses an extensive collection of insect specimens.

Crocodile Farm: One of the largest crocodile farms in the country. There are more than a hundred species found here, including Albino and humpbacked crocodiles. The farm is landscaped to recreate the reptiles' natural environment.

Pulau Besar: An ideal place for those seeking sandy beaches, clear blue waters, the sun and sea front chalets on stilts. The island is an excellent resort for swimming, fishing, picnicking and snorkeling.

Bukit China: It was the official settlement of the Chinese entourage that arrived with Princess Hang Li Poh. She was sent to Malacca by the Emperor to marry the sultan to mark the advent of diplomatic relationship between Malacca and China. The entourage stayed on this settlement until Portuguese occupation in 1511. Today, Bukit China is the largest Chinese cemetry outside China with many of the tombs dating back to Ming Dynasty.


Shopping
Malacca is famous for its antiques. Many artifacts and authentic antique items are available at more than 15 antique shops lining the busy streets of Jonker Street, affectionately known as the 'street of antiques' and is well known among the international antique collectors. The street is named Jalan Hang Jebat.

How to Reach Malacca
The airport in Malacca is about 9.5 km north of the town centre, at Batu Berendam, which can accommodate mainly smaller aircrafts.

Traveling by bus is the mode of transportation favored by most people as there are many bus companies making quite a few trips at different times to various destinations in Malaysia every day. It is comparatively cheap too.

If you intend to go by train, then the nearest station is Tampin, about 38 km to the north of Malacca.

Kelantan-literally meaning "Land of Lightning"-is an agrarian state with lush paddy fields, rustic fishing villages and casuarina-lined beaches. Located in the northeast corner of the peninsula, the charms of Kelantan are found in the vitality of its culture and its remote, unsullied beauty. Kelantan offers plenty of opportunities for tourists such as river cruises, river rafting, bird watching and jungle trekking.

History
Though not much is known about Kelantan's early history, Chinese historical documents date back the history of Kelantan between 8000 and 3000 BC. These documents chronicle the existence of a government, which maintained links with China. Kelantan was subsequently referred to as "Ho-lo-tan", "Chih-Tu" and "Tan-Tan" in these records.

The territories of Kelantan and Patani came under Siam in the 14th century. Around 1411, Raja Kumar, the ruler of Kelantan, became independent of Siam and Kelantan became an important centre of trade by the end of the 15th century.

In 1499, Kelantan was conquered by forces of the Malacca Empire and became its vassal state. With the fall of Malacca in 1511, Kelantan was divided up and ruled by petty chieftains. With the conquest by the Siamese in 1603, most of the Kelantan chiefs became subject to Patani. Around 1760, a petty chieftain of Kubang Labu in Kelantan succeeded in unifying the territory of the present Kelantan. Soon after in 1764, Long Yunos seized the throne and proclaimed himself Raja of Kelantan. With his death, Kelantan came under the influence of Terengganu.

In 1800, Raja Muhammad declared himself as the first Sultan of Kelantan. In 1812, he broke from Terengganu's influence and became a separate tributary state of Siam. In 1831, Siam divided up the old Malay Kingdom of Patani into 7 provinces each under a Siamese Governor. Siam played an important role in Kelantan throughout the 19th century.

In the 1909 Anglo-Siamese treaty, Siam surrendered its claims over Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah and Perlis in exchange with the British government for territorial claims in Siam. Kelantan thus came under the control of the Straits Settlements as one of the Unfederated Malay States.

Kelantan was occupied by the Japanese on 8th December, 1941. After the defeat of Japan in August 1945, Kelantan and the rest of Malaya came under the British Military Administration in September 1945. Kelantan became part of the Federation of Malaya on 1st February, 1948 and together with other states attained independence on 31st August, 1957. On 16th September 1963, Kelantan became one of the component states of Malaysia.


Climate
Kelantan enjoys a pleasant tropical climate. It is almost summer all year round with refreshing intermittent rain. Longer and heavier rainfall is observed in November, December and January. Daily temperature ranges from 21°C to 32°C.

Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Kelantan is between February and May as rainfall is relatively less at this time of the year. The July festival that is held here also attracts lots of tourists.


Tourist Attractions/Places to See

Kota Bahru: Kota Bahru, the capital of Kelantan is a bustling town famous for its ornately decorated trishaws. It is the best place to appreciate Kelantanese culture and crafts and offers numerous attractions for visitors.

Cultural Centre: Located on Jalan Mahmud close to the Perdana Hotel, the cultural centre is a veritable showcase of the living heritage of Kelantan.

Istana Batu (Royal Museum): Istana Batu was designed and built in 1939 during the reign of Sultan Ismail I. It was used as a venue for royal weddings as well as to house royal guests. Today, it has been converted into the Royal Museum where regalia and palace items belonging to former Sultans are on display. These include silverware, bedroom items and furniture from the royal household.

War Museum: The War Museum occupies the oldest brick building in Kelantan, dating back to 1912. This historic building now houses Japanese memorabilia and documents relating to World War II.

Islamic Museum/Syura Hall: The history of Islam in Kelantan is well documented in the artifacts and inscriptions exhibited here.

Istana Balai Besar: Built by Sultan Muhammad II in 1840, the Istana Balai Besar was formerly the residence of past Sultans. However, it is now used solely as a venue for official state functions.

Handicraft Village and Craft Museum: Kelantan's exquisite range of handicrafts is on display here. Silverware, "songket", batik and woodcarvings are exhibited and are for sale as well.

Gunung Stong: Kelantan's highest mountain, it is home to Fish Cave or Gua Ikan, a lone rock that looks like a fish.

Merdeka Square: Once known as Padang Kelupang, it is one of the many central open and civic spaces in Malaysia built by the British.

Masjid Kampung Laut: One of the oldest mosques in Malaysia, its uniqueness lies in the fact that it was built entirely without the use of nails.

Pantai Cahaya Bulan: This lovely stretch of shimmering is Kelantan's most famous beach. Fringed by swaying casuarinas and coconut palms, the beach is a big hit with the tourists.

Pantai Irama (Beach of Melody): Situated in the district of Bachok about 25 km south of Kota Bharu, Pantai Irama is believed to be the most beautiful beaches along the entire east coast.

Pantai Seri Tujuh (Beach of Seven Lagoons): Venue of the International Kite Festival, this beach lies on the border of Thailand and Kelantan at Kampung Tujuh in Tumpat, about 7 km from Kota Bharu.

Shopping
Kelantan offers a great variety of local handicrafts. This is supplemented by merchandise from Thailand, which is available at the Malaysian border towns of Rantau Panjang and Pengkalan Kubur. In the shops, richly coloured silks are displayed alongside batik scarves, prints and songket textiles.

Some of the famous shopping places in Kelantan are Bazaar Buluh Kubu and Jalan Temenggong. Bazaar Buluh Kubu is a three-storey shopping complex and contains great variety of locally made souvenirs, knick-knacks, batik, gold and silver songket, fine silverware and imported Thai goods.

Jalan Temenggong is a street lined with craft shops selling gold and silver jewellery, textiles, brassware and woodcarvings.


How to Reach Kelantan
By Road: There is an excellent network of roads linking major towns in Peninsula Malaysia to Kelantan. There are regular air-conditioned busses operating from
Kuala Lumpur and major towns to Kota Bharu.

By Rail: Train services from Kuala Lumpur to Kelantan terminate at Wakaf Bharu and Tumpat. From these two points, one can get to Kota Bharu either by taxi or bus. Stop over points en-route include Gua Musang, Kulal Krai, Tanah Merah and Pasir Mas.

By Air: Malaysian Airlines operates daily flights to Kota Bharu from Kuala Lumpur and Penang.

Negeri Sembilian literally means "Nine States". It is so called because it comprises a federation of nine states. Located on the southwest corner of Peninsular Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan encompasses an area of 6,645 sq km and a 48 km long coastline.

Negeri Sembilan comprises of picturesque valleys and plains amidst undulating hills and mountains. The rustic villages and lush forests coupled with splendid waterfalls, cool, crystal clear streams, and rivers make it an ideal site for eco-tourism. Negeri Sembilan is also known for its Minangkabau-styled architecture, reflecting the influence of the State's first inhabitants from Sumatra.

History
Negeri Sembilan was settled between the 15th and 16th century by the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra who migrated to the region during the Malay Sultanate in Malacca. At that time Negeri Sembilan was a rather loose confederation of nine fiefdoms in a secluded valley of the region. It was only in 1773, and with Raja Melewar as the Yam Tuan or ruler, that the nine separate fiefdoms of Sungai Ujong, Rembau, Johol, Jelebu, Naning, Segamat, Ulu Pahang, Jelai and Kelang were unified.

Negeri Sembilan's modern history then began with British intervention in the districts of Sungai Ujong, Rembau and Jelebu to protect British economic interests and placed the country under the control of a British Resident. The British established their influence by making treaties with the separate states (1874-89) and by reforming them into a closer federation (1895). Negeri Sembilan became one of the Federated Malay States in 1896.

Negri Sembilan endured Japanese occupation in World War II between 1941 and 1945, and joined the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and became a state of Malaysia in 1963.

Climate
Negeri Sembilan has warm, sunny days and cool nights all year round with occasional rain in the evenings. Temperature ranges from 23°C to 33°C. Humidity is high throughout the year. Annual rainfall is 2,670 mm. Although rain falls throughout the year, October to December are said to be the wettest months.


Best Time to Visit
You can visit Negeri Sembilan all round the year. It would be better if you avoid going between October and December, as the rainfall is pretty heavy in these months.


Tourist Attractions / Places to See

Seremban Lake Gardens: Seremban is the capital of Negeri Sembilan. The lake gardens of Seremban are very scenic. There are two lakes situated amidst a gentle expanse of landscaped greenery that provide a refreshing respite from the heat. Cultural shows are held on a floating stage on one of the lakes. Overlooking the Lake Gardens is the State Mosque, with its nine pillars symbolizing the nine districts of the State.

Cultural Handicraft Complex (Kompleks Taman Seni Budaya): The Cultural Handicraft Complex, located at Labu Spur, displays various handicrafts and historic artifacts of Negeri Sembilan.

Negeri Sembilan State Museum (Istana Ampang Tinggi): The state museum, situated within the Cultural Handicraft Complex, houses many historical artifacts of the state. Situated next to the museum is the "Rumah Minang" burned down by the British during the Sungai Ujung war.

Port Dickson: Port Dickson situated about 32 km west of Seremban, is a very famous seaside resort of Malaysia.

Shopping
Negeri Sembilan has a string of modern shopping complexes and department stores, especially in Seremban. These include establishments like The Store, Parkson, Seremban Parade, Seremban City Square and Centre Point. Duty-free items like exquisite watches and sophisticated photographic equipment are widely available at competitive prices.

How to Reach Negeri Sembilan
The Kuala Lumpur International Airport at Sepang is a mere 30 minutes away from the state capital Seremban. With the completion of North-South Highway, Negeri Sembilan is even more easily accessible from major towns in West Malaysia.

Tourists can also choose to take a train from Butterworth, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore to Seremban, from where frequent buses travel to the popular beach resort of Port Dickson. The rail service to the east coast states of Pahang and Kelantan begins from the town of Gemas.

Malaysia has a wide range of tourist attractions. The sheer diversity of tourism destinations is astounding. These include the high-tech city of Kuala Lumpur, tropical island of Langkawi, colonial hill stations of Genting and Cameron Highlands, numerous pristine beaches, National Parks, and the world's oldest tropical rainforests. Malaysia has the potential of catering to tourist of every hue and it truly lives up to its tag line of Malaysia Truly Asia.

Kuala Lumpur
To describe Kuala Lumpur is like opening a book that has various exciting chapters. Yes, this only global city of Malaysia appears blessed with colors of modernism along with rich heritage. Though formally KL spans over an area of 244 sq kms, its plush precincts virtually get bigger to embrace the entire world. Kuala Lumpur is situated at the confluence of Sungai Gombak and Sungai Klang, and probably, that's how it got its name, which literally means 'muddy confluence' in Malay language.

Kelantan
Kelantan-literally meaning "Land of Lightning"-is an agrarian state with lush paddy fields, rustic fishing villages and casuarina-lined beaches. Located in the northeast corner of the peninsula, the charms of Kelantan are found in the vitality of its culture and its remote, unsullied beauty. Kelantan offers plenty of opportunities for tourists such as river cruises, river rafting, bird watching and jungle trekking.

Malacca
Malacca is a quiet seaside city located on the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia facing the Straits of Malacca, about 147 km from Kuala Lumpur. Malacca is a wonderful repository of its cultural heritage. Its colonial past is evident in its Portuguese architecture, where as on the streets, Chinese influence is most visible. Most of the businessmen here are Chinese. Over the centuries, the Chinese and local Malay cultures in Malacca intertwined, eventually producing a completely unique society-a mosaic of different cultures.

Negeri Sembilian
Malaysia Sembilian, Negeri SembilianNegeri Sembilian literally means "Nine States". It is so called because it comprises a federation of nine states. Located on the southwest corner of Peninsular Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan encompasses an area of 6,645 sq km and a 48 km long coastline.

Penang
Penang, literally meaning Island of Betel Nut, is famous for its natural scenic beauty. Also known as the 'Pearl of Orient', Penang entices visitors with its warm seas, golden beaches, lush greenery and delicious cuisine.

Perlis
Perlis is the smallest state in Malaysia. The state is famous for its serene unspoilt beauty, rustic rural scenes and verdant paddy fields. The expanse of verdant paddy fields makes the landscape appear like a huge canvas of brilliant green or gold, depending on the season.

Sabah
Sabah is a tropical paradise located at the northeast corner of Borneo. In ancient times it was known as the "Land Below the Wind" because it lies below the typhoon belt. Sabah attracts visitors with its scenic beauty, rugged landscape and cultural diversity.

Sarawak
Sarawak-the largest state of Malaysia-is better known as the land of fabled White Rajahs, the hornbill and the orangutan. Located on the northwestern shore of the island of Borneo, Sarawak is a preferred tourist destination for those seeking culture, nature and adventure tourism. The rainforests of Sarawak are home to the richest and most diverse ecosystem of the world.

Terengganu
Terengganu is one of the three east coast states on Peninsular Malaysia. Terengganu is the repository of Malaysia's cultural heritage and is home to the lilting Gamelan and the mesmerizing "Ulek Mayang" dance. It is a serene state, with numerous small villages, quiet roads, and secluded islands and beaches.

Location: Close to Merdeka Square
Attractions: Antiques, Carpets, Merchandise
Highlights: Post-war Buildings
How To Reach: One can easily reach Jalan TAR by hiring taxis, or by boarding trains, buses from the city.

Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman, earlier called Batu Road, is a well-known road in Kuala Lumpur that was christened after the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) of Malaysia. It is often abbreviated as Jalan TAR and is to be found in the business district of the city, quite close to the Merdeka Square and Jalan Masjid. Initially it was a trail leading to Batu village, which was the hub of mining activities. In the 1930s, the parish that was dominated by swamps, rice fields and coconut estates developed into one of the busiest roads in KL.

These days, the expanse is famous for its antiques from China and carpets from the Middle-East. Its popularity also abounds in imported fabrics, batik, saris, leather goods and men's clothing. Prior to the arrival of modern shopping malls, this strip used to be the stomping ground of shoppers. Even today, this stretch of road has kept its imperial charm alive in the company of pre-war buildings whose unique facades are conserved and re-adapted to lodge contemporary retailing houses.

Here, you have to walk through the archways of shops to get the real shopping experience. And undoubtedly, this market is far better than the modish malls. Check out the exclusive range of fabrics and textiles, imported leather goods, bags and luggage, carpets, sports goods and winter clothing, which would keep you engaged for hours. Jalan Tuanku Abdul RahmanNarrow passages flanked by the shops also proffer a great collection of dress material at real cheap prices. Some of the established names tender awesome selection of silver and crystalware.

Shopping malls, like Sogo Shopping Complex and Maju Junction Mall, are also positioned along this stretch. Every Saturday between 5:00pm and 10:00pm, the area is closed to traffic because it gets altered into a night market where small traders and hawkers sell a variety of things. Coliseum cinema is an important landmark on the road. Maju Junction, a new construction, at the end of the road is a real contrast to the surrounding older architecture. Jalan TAR also houses many hotels and restaurants, just right for any traveler.

Location: Jalan Conlay, Kuala Lumpur
Highlights: Amazing variety of Malaysian handicrafts
How To Reach: One can easily reach Craft Complex by hiring taxis, or by boarding buses, trains from the city.

The Kompleks Budaya Kraf, literally Cultural Craft Complex, is the celebrated place to catch amazing handicrafts, native to Malaysia. Located along jalan Conlay in Kuala Lumpur, it is controlled by the Malaysian Handicraft Development Corporation-a constitutional body under Ministry of Culture, Art and Heritage. It presents some exclusive Malaysian handicrafts, such as, silk kaftan, bathrobes, silverware, mengkuang products, pewterware, glassware, pottery, silk batik paintings, and songket (brocade material).

This wooden handicraft complex is spread over lush landscaped gardens. KL Craft Complex is actually a one-stop craft centre which presents a distinctive range of craft-related activities and programmes. It's a place where you can explore Malaysian culture of crafts and in fact, you can also have a bash making some items. This whole complex is divided into 4 main blocks, i.e. Craft Museum, Craft Village, Artists' Colony, and Karyaneka Craft Boutique.

While the Craft Museum showcases a wide range of Malaysian handicrafts and artifacts, craft demonstrations and practical interactive sessionsCraft Complex are provided at the Crafts Village. So, here you can actually try your hand at making batiks, pewter, ceramic or woodcarving. It's sheer fun. Moreover, another place to head for is the Artists' Colony which gives the space to Malaysian artists to express their creativity through artworks.

Now it's turn to do some shopping and get some really exciting craft products that could be used for personal embellishment, interiors décor, souvenirs, textiles or corporate gifts. To get all this and much more, just make a move towards the Karyaneka Craft Boutique. For tourists and visitors, the Cultural Craft Complex organizes several events and weekly cultural shows at Laman Wau. To concise terms, the Kuala Lumpur Craft Complex is a must-visit place to apprehend the culture of Malaysia from close.

Location: Alongside Jalan Bukit Bintang
Attractions: Shopping Centers, Bintang Walk, Cafes & Restaurants
How To Reach: One can reach Bukit Bintang by hiring taxis or by boarding monorail from the city.

Bukit Bintang is a renowned shopping and entertainment district in Kuala Lumpur. It stretches along the famous road-Jalan Bukit Bintang, and slots in the areas of Jalan Raja Chulan, Jalan Imbi, Jalan Pudu, Jalan Sultan Ismail, and Jalan Ampang. Bukit Bintang has always been well-liked by people. With the changing times, it has undergone refurbishment to suit the tastes of people. And today, it appears simply incredible as it has got both, conventional as well as fashionable outlook.

Besides being a part of the Golden Triangle, Bukit Bintang is quarters to numerous prominent shopping centers, cafés, clubs, shops, malls, and specialty shops. The region is also known for having a number of lavish hotels and restaurants. Here one can see heaps of hawker-styled eateries, where delectable dishes can be enjoyed at really cheap rates. As one of the major shopping districts, Bukit Bintang proffers a selection of merchandise to go well with every budget.

Some of the major shopping outlets of Kuala Lumpur are located in this region, including Bukit Bintang Plaza, Berjaya Times Square, Kuala Lumpur Plaza, Imbi Plaza, Low Yat Plaza, Sungei Wang Plaza, Starhill Gallery, Lot 10, and Pavilion KL. Bukit BintangBukit Bintang is not only a favorite place to hangout amongst people but also a great place to shop and dine. Whether it's bright sunshine or dark hours, the place remains occupied with people who come here for different reasons but with a common drive of roaming in the glittering market.

Bintang Walk
Alongside the shopping strip of Jalan Bukit Bintang is Bintang Walk. From the past 5 years, this wide pedestrian walkway has got transformed into an exciting meeting point with open air cafes and restaurants. It also has a muddle of fast food outlets, Indian coffee shops, and individual stores. Bintang Walk observes rousing nightlife, in the company of clubs and cafes. This region also makes the venue for the major night events, like New Year's Eve, Merdeka Eve, Fashion Shows, Street Concerts and Parties, as well.

Location: KL Convention Centre
Highlights: 90 mtr Long Underwater Tunnel, Touch Pool
How To Reach: One can reach Aquaria KLCC by hiring taxis or by boarding trains, buses from the city.

Aquaria KLCC is a place where underwater world is showcased beautifully in Kuala Lumpur. Located in KL Convention Centre, it is a place worth discovering that what actually it is like to glide through the tropical rainforests. One can reach here through the underground interlink from Tower Records in Suria KLCC. The Aquaria has showcased some of the most entrancing aquatic creatures from all parts of the world. The park is sprawled in 60,000 sq ft (6,000 m²) of area in two levels.

It's about the journey of water from land to sea. So, get ready to go on a stimulating voyage from the majestic mountains where rivers originate and cascade to lower expanse, and then pass through green rainforests to the huge mangroves until they reach the colorful coral reefs and the portentous deep blue sea. Having more than 5,000 different creatures and the newest interactive technology, Aquaria KLCC will fuel your senses and mind to the mesmerizing world under the sea.

This huge aquarium features a 90-metre long underwater tunnel, a 10-ft long colossal Arapamia, a touch pool and one Aqua Theatre.Aquaria KLCC Throughout the journey, you can stop at anytime to examine the living creatures and their habitat. At the Touch Pool, you'll actually get to touch baby sharks and stingrays. KL Aquaria, the 90m long acrylic tunnel, marks the climax of this exciting journey where brilliant view of ocean is presented.

This 55mm-thick tunnel is curved and made to endure the enormous pressure of 2.7 million liters of water. A hidden shipwreck (a replica of the Royal Nanhai) is also visible that is occupied by the thick population of coral reef. In fact, here you can feed the fish, including rays and large sharks, by taking the help of trained divers. Its worth looking like how so many creatures of different shapes and sized live cordially in this replicated natural habitat. To sum up, Aquaria KLCC is a place not-to-be-missed on your trip to Kuala Lumpur.

Location: Taman Danau Desa, KL - Seremban Highway
Started In: 1998
Highlights: Thunderbolt, Shock Wave and Tarzan In Town
How to Reach: Desa Water Park can be reached from the Federal Highway via Taman Desa, Jalan Kunchai Lama via Taman Bakti or the KL- Seremban Highway via Taman Desa junction.

Desa Waterpark is one of the largest amusement parks in Malaysia. Located in between the KL - Seremban Highway, the water park is built over an area of 12.6 acres and is bordered by 50 acres of lake. This fun-filled waterpark makes the best choice for people in quest of leisure and enjoyment. Due to a brilliant network of roads, Desa Water Park is easily accessible from most of the parts of Kuala Lumpur. It offers wholesome family entertainment and owing to its commendable features, it serves as an ideal place for hosting gatherings and family get-togethers.

In fact, Desa Waterpark has become preferred choice of families and corporate group functions because of its great features, such as, huge space, amphitheatre, free parking space, and cutthroat pricing. Several attractions at the water park are Thunder Bolt, Surf Shack, Tarzan In Town, Action River, Water Factory, Clown-A- Round, Pink Slide, Shock Wave, etc. Where the Thunder Bolt attracts the most patrons being the longest and the first gravity-defying water coaster in Asia, children get the most out of the Surf Shack.

The Tarzan In Town is a water based activity where you get to jump from one tube to another. Take it as a challenge and balance yourself on the tubes, while hanging on the ropes without getting wet. Enjoy the cascading waters of Action River which is 1200 meter long. And get ready to get into a water fight at the Desa WaterparkWater Factory, where you can shoot water at your friends. Get wet and set your mood to swing in the Clown-A-Round. The Pink Slide is a set of multiple slides for children where fun never ends.

Jump into an awesome wave pool, Shock Wave, and test your strength while conquering the waves as high as 1.5 meters. Another attraction is Ripple Bay which is just next to the Shock Wave; it is an open space for tele-match activities and lap swimmers. Get into the Bubble Pool and relax together with your family or friends. Last but not the least, access the Super Tube which is a hardcore concept of tropical slides and let your body free in the 30-ft high twisting and turning twin water slide. In short, Desa WaterPark, which is a lagoon of fun and excitement, is a not-to-be-missed-out place in Kuala Lumpur.

Filed under The Arts

Address: Jalan Tun Razak, 50694, Kuala Lumpur
Train: N/A
Contact: 03-4026 5555 | Opening Hours: N/A
E-mail: N/A | Website: www.istanabudaya.gov.my
Credit Card: No | Smoking: No

Istana Budaya is owned by The Ministry Of Culture, Arts and Tourism, Malaysia. It was established the promotion of culture and the arts in Malaysia. There are 1421 seats although the number may be reduced depending on the event and performance. Istana Budaya has a floor space of 21,000 square metres and covers 5.44 hectares.

How To Reach: One can easily reach Istana Budaya by hiring taxis, or by boarding trains, buses from the city.

Istana Budaya is the eminent venue for all forms of theatre, including operetta, classical concert, musical theater and opera, in Malaysia. Located next to the National Art Gallery in Jalan Tun Razak, Istana Budaya or the Palace of Culture is a major landmark in the city of Kuala Lumpur. This cultural center was founded in Sep' 1999 to promote the artistic and cultural heritage of the country. Sprawled in an area of 54,400 m², the Istana Budaya was formally inaugurated by the ex-Prime Minister of Malaysia -Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamed, in 1999.

Its construction began in 1995 only to get completed within 3 years. As soon as, the construction was completed, Panggung Negara-the earlier national theater, was relocated here. Istana Budaya is also the abode of the National Theater Company and the National Symphony Orchestra. This cultural centre is intended to raise the standard of theater, to develop artistic excellence in performing arts, to popularize first-rate theater productions, and to develop the intellect of artistic gratitude.

Muhammad Kamar Ya'akub designed this innovative building, taking inspiration from the traditional moon kite. Its interior was built using local resources, like marble and premium tropical wood from Langkawi. Istana Budaya A few of the edifice's interesting features comprise of the turquoise folds on the roof and the intricate design of the foyer. However, the focal structure takes its shape from the 'Sirih Junjung which is a conventional arrangement of betel leaves used during Malay ceremonies.

Like any traditional Malay house, the structure is divided into three areas: the "serambi" (lobby and foyer), the "rumah ibu" (main house or the auditorium), and the "rumah dapur" (kitchen as the stage and rehearsal hall). Its huge theater hall "Panggung Seri" can accommodate up to 1,412 viewers at a time. It is actually Asia's first theater which is outfitted with high-tech stage equipments. It is its class facilities and interiors that make Istana Budaya rated amongst the top ten theaters of the world.